Tengu Menpo

The menpo, or facial armour, was rarely used in actual combat; instead, it served primarily as a decorative element, enhancing the visual impact of a samurai’s armour when displayed. Samurai who could afford such ornate pieces often commissioned custom designs that reflected their taste and status. This particular mask is a prime example of that practice, crafted to resemble a tengu, a mischievous and often malevolent supernatural being from Japanese folklore. Tengu are sometimes thought to be the spirits of individuals who were arrogant or prideful in life. Renowned as skilled swordsmen, they are said to have taught the martial arts to the legendary Minamoto hero, Yoshitsune. They are typically depicted as living in the trees of remote mountain forests.

The mask features a strikingly crafted nose designed to evoke the beak of a tengu, curving downwards like a claw. The surface is treated with a russet iron finish that emphasises the contours of the mask, offering a tactile and visual richness. This design contrasts with the more common gloss-black urushi lacquer finish, often creating a reflective mirror-like effect. The lower throat guard is made in the kiritsuke kozane style, laced with the intricate kebiki odoshi technique. A particularly notable feature is the red-lacquered deer hide used for the lower hishinui cross knots, adding a bold decorative touch.

This menpo, dating from the mid-to-late Edo period, is not only a rare and highly desirable piece, but it also exemplifies the intersection of functionality and artistry in samurai armour, showcasing both the warrior’s status and their appreciation for intricate craftsmanship.

Tetsu Sabiji urushi-nuri Tengu Menpo – Tetsu kuro urushi Kiritsuke zane Tare – Yon dan Kebiki odoshi
An iron mask lacquered in a russet iron effect with an iron black lacquered throat guard made to resemble kozane and laced in the kebiki odoshi style.

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